Showing posts with label galaxy. Show all posts

A ROSE MADE OF GALAXIES

In celebration of the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope’s deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble’s eye to an especially photogenic group of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.

The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as UGC 1810, has a disk that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. A swath of blue jewels across the top is the combined light from clusters of intensely bright and hot young blue stars. These massive stars glow fiercely in ultraviolet light.

The smaller, nearly edge-on companion shows distinct signs of intense star formation at its nucleus, perhaps triggered by the encounter with the companion galaxy.

A series of uncommon spiral patterns in the large galaxy is a tell-tale sign of interaction. The large, outer arm appears partially as a ring, a feature seen when interacting galaxies actually pass through one another. This suggests that the smaller companion actually dived deep, but off-center, through UGC 1810. The inner set of spiral arms is highly warped out of the plane with one of the arms going behind the bulge and coming back out the other side. How these two spiral patterns connect is still not precisely known.

The larger galaxy in the UGC 1810 – UGC 1813 pair has a mass that is about five times that of the smaller galaxy. In unequal pairs such as this, the relatively rapid passage of a companion galaxy produces the lopsided or asymmetric structure in the main spiral. Also in such encounters, the starburst activity typically begins in the minor galaxies earlier than in the major galaxies. These effects could be due to the fact that the smaller galaxies have consumed less of the gas present in their nucleus, from which new stars are born.

Arp 273 lies in the constellation Andromeda and is roughly 300 million light-years away from Earth. The image shows a tenuous tidal bridge of material between the two galaxies that are separated by tens of thousands of light-years from each other. The interaction was imaged on December 17, 2010, with Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

This Hubble image is a composite of data taken with three separate filters on WFC3 that allow a broad range of wavelengths covering the ultraviolet, blue, and red portions of the spectrum.

via Hubble Site News Release

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GRB Lights Up Ancient Hidden Galaxy

This artist’s illustration depicts a gamma-ray burst illuminating clouds of interstellar gas in its host galaxy. By analyzing a recent gamma-ray burst, astronomers were able to learn about the chemistry of a galaxy 12.7 billion light-years from Earth. They discovered it contains only one-tenth of the heavy elements (metals) found in our solar system. Credit: Gemini Observatory/AURA, artwork by Lynette Cook

Once upon a time, more than 12.7 billion years ago, a star was poised on the edge of extinction. It made its home in a galaxy too small, too faint and too far away to even be spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope. Not that it would matter, because this star was going to end its life before the Earth formed. As it blew itself apart, it expelled its materials in twin jets which ripped through space at close to the speed of light – yet the light of its death throes outshone its parent galaxy by a million times.

“This star lived at a very interesting time, the so-called dark ages just a billion years after the Big Bang,” says lead author Ryan Chornock of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).

“In a sense, we’re forensic scientists investigating the death of a star and the life of a galaxy in the earliest phases of cosmic time,” he adds.

When this unsung star expired, it created one of the scariest things in astronomy… a gamma-ray burst (GRB). However, it wasn’t just a normal, garden variety GRB – it was long one, lasting more than four minutes. After century upon century of travel, the light reached our little corner of the Universe and was detected by NASA’s Swift spacecraft on June 6th. Chornock and his team quickly organized follow-up observations by the MMT Telescope in Arizona and the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii.

“We were able to get right on target in a matter of hours,” Chornock says. “That speed was crucial in detecting and studying the afterglow.”

Time to kick back and have a smoke? In a sense. The “afterglow” of a GRB happens when the jets impact the surrounding gas in an almost tsunami-like effect. As it sweeps up the material, it begins to heat and glow. As this light traverses the parent galaxy, it impacts clouds of interstellar gas, illuminating their spectra. Through these chemical signatures, astronomers are able to ascertain what gases the distant galaxy may have contained. As we know, all chemical elements heavier than hydrogen, helium, and lithium are the product of stars. Researchers refer to this as “metal content” and it takes a certain amount of time to accumulate. In the scheme of creation, the elements necessary for life – carbon and oxygen – didn’t exist. What Chornock and his team discovered was the GRB galaxy was host to only about a tenth of the “metals” in our solar system. What does that mean? In the eyes of the astronomers, rocky planets might have been able to form in that far away galaxy, but chances are good that life could not.

“At the time this star died, the universe was still getting ready for life. It didn’t have life yet, but was building the required elements,” says Chornock.

At a redshift of 5.9, or a distance of 12.7 billion light-years, GRB 130606A is one of the most distant gamma-ray bursts ever found.

“In the future we will be able to find and exploit even more distant GRBs with the planned Giant Magellan Telescope,” says Edo Berger of the CfA, a co-author on the publication.

Original Story Source: Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics News Release.

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Is Reality Real?

CIA said to back study on ways to hack the global climate

CIA said to back study on ways to hack the global climate 2013 07 22
By John Roach | NBC News
Red Ice Creations Note:
Pumping the "skies full of sunlight reflecting particles" - If this all sounds very familiar, it should. For how many years have people been pointing out strange aerial spraying in their areas? For how long have experts sounded the alarm that governments and intelligence agencies had open geoengineering designs?

Now it seems there is apparently mainstream ’disclosure’ regarding geoengineering. But if only to reinforce the narrative that;

a) Our overlords are the only ones qualified to protect us (from our planet and ourselves),
b) They are forced to fix what we have broken,
c)This is ALL NEW and hasn’t, in fact, been taking place for decades without public oversight or permission,
d)Climate change as it exists is controllable, reversible (and undoubtedly taxable).

Interesting that recent analysis of ’climate change’ is suggesting we understand it less than we thought, can’t decide if we’re warming, cooling, or even sure of what is ultimately driving it.

It’s outrageous that the CIA is assessing risks that climate change can "destabilize governments and could add to terrorism", since western intelligence agencies’ modus operandi has been the destabilization of governments, foreign and domestic, essentially since their creation. Ultimately it would seem that geoengineering is simply another weapon of control in their already vast arsenal.

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CIA said to back study on ways to hack the global climate

The U.S. intelligence community is helping to fund a study that is evaluating ways to cool the global climate, including proposals to pump the skies full of sunlight reflecting particles and build machines that vacuum greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

A final report is tentatively scheduled for release in the spring or summer of 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences, which has convened a committee of science and policy experts to study the issue.

"It is an assessment of the science — what do we know, what do we not know, what are the risks based on what we know and don’t know right now," Lauren Rugani, a spokeswoman for the National Academy of Sciences, told NBC News.

"We are not conducting experiments, we are not producing original research, we are not developing any new technologies," she added.

In addition to the U.S. intelligence community, sponsors of the $630,000 study include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NASA and the sciences academy. According to Grist, an environmental news website, the term "U.S. intelligence community" refers to the CIA.

Edward Price, a spokesperson for the CIA, would not confirm the agency’s involvement, but told NBC News in an email that "on a subject like climate change, the agency works with scientists to better understand the phenomenon and its implications on national security."

An intelligence community report in 2008 found that climate change, among other things, is likely to destabilize governments and could add to terrorism, posing a threat to U.S. national security, for example.

A 2011 National Research Council report urged the U.S. Navy to prepare for climate change impacts including the prospect for geopolitical conflicts in the Arctic as the sea ice there continues to dwindle, opening the region up to increased mineral exploration and shipping traffic.

To that end, military contractor Raytheon is working with the Navy to develop technologies that will improve communications and "maintain vigilant situational awareness over a somewhat austere area and very logistically challenging to be able to operate in," Tim Raglin, a program manager for the Raytheon Innovation and Prototyping team, told NBC News in a technology briefing in April.

That the government’s top science agencies and intelligence community are also willing to fund research on techniques to cool the climate suggests the seriousness with which the government takes the potential impacts of global warming.

[...]

Read the full article at: nbcnews.com

Atmospheric Geoengineering: Weather Manipulation, Contrails and Chemtrails
By Rady Ananda | GlobalResearch

At an international symposium held in Ghent, Belgium May 28-30, 2010, scientists asserted that “manipulation of climate through modification of Cirrus clouds is neither a hoax nor a conspiracy theory.” It is “fully operational” with a solid sixty-year history. Though “hostile” environmental modification was banned by UN Convention in 1978, its “friendly” use today is being hailed as the new savior to climate change and to water and food shortages. The military-industrial complex stands poised to capitalize on controlling the world’s weather.

“In recent years there has been a decline in the support for weather modification research, and a tendency to move directly into operational projects.”
~World Meteorological Organization, 2007

The only conspiracy surrounding geoengineering is that most governments and industry refuse to publicly admit what anyone with eyes can see. Peer-reviewed research is available to anyone willing and able to maneuver the labyrinth of scientific journals. So, while there is some disclosure on the topic, full public explanation is lacking. A brief list of confirmed cloud seeding events is produced at bottom, starting in 1915.

Going under a variety of names – atmospheric geoengineering, weather modification, solar radiation management, chemical buffering, cloud seeding, weather force multiplication – toxic aerial spraying is popularly known as chemtrails. However, this is merely one technique employed to modify weather. The practice of environmental modification is vast and well funded.

Hosted by the Belfort Group, which has been working for the last seven years to raise public awareness of toxic aerial spraying, the Symposium included chemtrail awareness groups from Greece, Germany, Holland, France and the U.S. Belfort published five videos covering only May 29,[1] when filmmaker Michael Murphy (Environmental Deception and What in the world are they spraying)[2] and aerospace engineer Dr. Coen Vermeeren [3] gave the most dramatic presentations.

Dr Vermeeren, of the Delft University of Technology, presented [4] a 300-page scientific report entitled, “CASE ORANGE: Contrail Science, Its Impact on Climate and Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted by the United States and Its Allies.” [5]

Case Orange notes it was prepared for the Belfort Group by a team of scientists but presented anonymously. It was sent to embassies, news organizations and interested groups around the world “to force public debate.”

The report spends some time on HAARP, the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, [6] which is a military endeavor focused on ionospheric, electromagnetic, and global electrostatic field manipulation, and on other exotic weapon systems that manipulate the environment. While related, they go beyond this discussion of chemtrails.

[...]

Read the full article at: globalresearch.ca

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Reggae mix 2013 for Ganja Smoker !

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The Friendship Case

Newspapers talked about it, people wanted to know, but nobody could penetrate the mystery. What was going on? Strange flying machines were playing the skies of Italy. It was the fifties. Some people took incredible photos, others were frightened and shouted “They’re here, they’re among us,” while still others believed that aliens came to help. But who were they; where were they from, and above all what did they want?
Until recently, the phenomenon of contactism, or the deliberate encounter, repeated over time, between man and evolved extraterrestrial entities, was believed to involve only a few chosen individuals, or contactees.
Many of them went down in history. George Adamski, Howard Menger, Eugenio Siragusa, just to name a few, all of them faithfully abided by this cliché. But in 2007, something happened that would change the cards on the table. Stefano Breccia, and engineer from Marche, living in Abruzzo, published some startling papers that seemed to reveal the story of repeated direct encounters between more than 100 people, and extraterrestrial beings living in numerous secret bases on our planet.
The main figure of the event told by Breccia is the writer Bruno Sammaciccia. The case is said to have taken place mainly in and around Pescara. It would all begin in 1956, and would last for many years. The film clips and photographs that have emerged so far are of considerable interest. But even more extraordinary are the testimonies of the individuals involved. Everyone called their story “friendship.” And that is the name that has come down to us today. Thanks to Stefano Breccia’s courage, one of the most awe-inspiring sagas in ufology has come to light. It wasn’t an easy decision to decide to make it known.
It all started from an idea from Bruno Sammaciccia. He’d been thinking about writing down his experiences, and then asked Breccia to be the one to do it. And so he was at his house for a month to record his stories. Then he put everything together. Besides granting his dear friend’s wishes, Breccia had set himself another objective. One reason is, he hoped that it might work as bait to encourage other people in the group to come forward.
Gaspare De Lama and his wife Mirella are among those still alive today who were involved in the “friendship” event, and who accepted Breccia’s invitation to come forward. They now live on the shores of Lake Como. Gaspare admired Stefano’s courage to expose himself so directly, despite being a well-known figure in science and academia. Gaspare De Lama became a fan of ufology in the late 40s and, together with his wife, sought a path to greater awareness. Even Gaspare’s mother took part in the events.

Watch the full documentary now - 53 min

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60 Billion Habitable Planets in the Milky Way Alone?

60 Billion Habitable Planets in the Milky Way Alone? Astronomers say Yes!

An artist’s conception of how common exoplanets are throughout the Milky Way Galaxy. Image Credit: Wikipedia

A new study suggests that the number of habitable exoplanets within the Milky Way alone may reach 60 billion.
Previous research performed by a team at Harvard University suggested that there is one Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of each red dwarf star. But researchers at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University have now extended the habitable zone and doubled this estimate.

The research team, lead by Dr. Jun Yang considered one more variable in their calculations: cloud cover. Most exoplanets are tidally locked to their host stars – one hemisphere continually faces the star, while one continuously faces away. These tidally locked planets have a permanent dayside and a permanent nightside.
One would expect the temperature gradient between the two to be very high, as the dayside is continuously receiving stellar flux, while the nightside is always in darkness. Computer simulations that take into account cloud cover show that this is not the case.
The dayside is covered by clouds, which lead to a “stabilizing cloud feedback” on climate. It has a higher cloud albedo (more light is reflected off the clouds) and a lower greenhouse effect. The presence of clouds actually causes the dayside to be much cooler than expected.
“Tidally locked planets have low enough surface temperatures to be habitable,” explains Jang in his recently published paper. Cloud cover is so effective it even extends the habitable zone to twice the stellar flux. Planets twice as close to their host star are still cool enough to be habitable.
But these new statistics do not apply to just a few stars. Red dwarfs “represent about ¾ of the stars in the galaxy, so it applies to a huge number of planets,” Dr. Abbot, co-author on the paper, told Universe Today. It doubles the number of planets previously thought habitable throughout the entire galaxy.

Not only is the habitable zone around red dwarfs much larger, red dwarfs also live for much longer periods of time. In fact, the Universe is not old enough for any of these long-living stars to have died yet. This gives life the amount of time necessary to form. After all, it took human beings 4.5 billions years to appear on Earth.
Another study we reported on earlier also revised and extrapolated the habitable zone around red dwarf stars.
Future observations will verify this model by measuring the cloud temperatures. On the dayside, we will only be able to see the high cool clouds. A planet resembling this model will therefore look very cold on the dayside. In fact, “a planet that does show the cloud feedback will look hotter on the nightside than the dayside,” explains Abbot.
This effect will be testable with the James Webb Space Telescope. All in all, the Milky Way is likely to be teeming with life.